.gif)
Web-based psychosocial interventions for survivors of child sex tourism and their families: a rethink of counselling
- Abstract Views: 521
- PDF Downloads: 27
- October 19, 2021
Keywords:
child sex tourism; e-counselling; e-therapy; web-interventions; psychosocial supportAbstract
Daily, in almost every part of the world, series of maltreatment are meted on the children. Because of their vulnerability, the time has come to take serious actions and unreserved measures to end this inhumane treatment and support the victims and their communities. Children are innocent beings and are the last hope of every community and nation and deserve a decent and safe environment to grow to the fullest. This is a fundamental human right as capsulated in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), an international legal instrument of universal significance. A systematic review of the works of literature using information collected from different sources was actuated. Google search engine, google scholar, web of science, and Scopus database were used to search for these articles. During the search, combinations of words and phrases were used to ensure articles reflected the most current knowledge and scholarly works. The systematic searches beget varied and voluminous articles that had to be sieved not only to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria but also to ensure the fundamental objectives of the study are wrangled. In summary, the potentials of web-counseling include but are not restricted to unlimited access and improved seeking behavior, affordability, convenience, limited pressure, permanent record availability, anonymity, independence and autonomy, empowerment, geographical barriers elimination, less feeling shy, freedom of expression, confidentiality, and privacy, efficiency and effectiveness improvement, all-time access to multiple therapists, resources with no transport cost and hassle, and client-driven therapy sessions
Full Text:
References
Abbott, J. A. M., Klein, B., & Ciechomski, L. (2008). Best practices in online therapy. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26(2–4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228830802097257
Afshan, A. (2015). Shyness, Self-Construal, Extraversion–Introversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism | Enhanced Reader. moz-extension://625161f8-398d-4b7f-9361-9af8c4d26e96/enhanced-reader.html?openApp&pdf=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1177%2F2158244015587559
Alavi, N., Yang, M., Stephenson, C., Nikjoo, N., Malakouti, N., Layzell, G., Jagayat, J., Shirazi, A., Groll, D., Omrani, M., O’Riordan, A., Khalid-Khan, S., Freire, R., Brietzke, E., Gomes, F. A., Milev, R., & Soares, C. N. (2020). Using the online psychotherapy tool to address mental health problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Protocol for an electronically delivered cognitive behavioral therapy program. JMIR Research Protocols, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.2196/24913
Amritesh, S. C. M., & Chatterjee, J. (2014). Emerging scenario of online counseling services in India: A case of e-government intervention. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 8(4), 569–596. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-10-2013-0040
Amro, N., Kamel, A. M. A., Qtait, M., Yagi, H., Amro, B., Amro, R., & Amro, R. (2018). Factors Affect Patients Satisfaction in Emergency Departments in Palestine. In An International Peer-reviewed Journal (Vol. 54). www.iiste.org
Bambling, M., King, R., Reid, W., & Wegner, K. (2008). Online counselling: The experience of counsellors providing synchronous single-session counselling to young people. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 8(2), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140802055011
Barak, A., Klein, B., & Proudfoot, J. G. (2009). Defining internet-supported therapeutic interventions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9130-7
BASW. (2021). Privacy Policy. https://www.basw.co.uk/privacy-policy
BBC. (2021). The science behind why some of us are shy - BBC Future. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190604-the-science-behind-why-some-of-us-are-shy
Békés, V., & Doorn, K. A. van. (2020). Psychotherapists’ attitudes toward online therapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30(2), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000214
Beladi, H. (2017). How Transport Costs Affect the Decision to Purchase a New or a Remanufactured Good.
Bërdufi, N., & Dushi, D. (2015). Social Contract and the Governments Legitimacy. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s1p392
Boldrini, T., Schiano Lomoriello, A., Del Corno, F., Lingiardi, V., & Salcuni, S. (2020). Psychotherapy During COVID-19: How the Clinical Practice of Italian Psychotherapists Changed During the Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(October). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591170
Boyd, P., & Schweber, L. (2018). Unintended consequences: institutional artefacts, closure mechanisms and the performance gap. Building Research and Information, 46(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2017.1331096
Camilleri, M. A. (2018). Understanding Customer Needs and Wants (pp. 29–50). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49849-2_2
Carr, H. H. (1992). Factors that affect user-friendliness in interactive computer programs. Information and Management, 22(3), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(92)90067-P
Chardon, L., Bagraith, K. S., & Robert, J. K. (2011). Counseling activity in single-session online counseling with adolescents: An adherence study. Psychotherapy Research, 21(5), 583–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2011.592550
Chebli, J. L., Blaszczynski, A., & Gainsbury, S. M. (2016). Internet-Based Interventions for Addictive Behaviours: A Systematic Review. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(4), 1279–1304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9599-5
Chester, A., & Glass, C. A. (2006). Online counselling: A descriptive analysis of therapy services on the Internet. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 34(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880600583170
Chomba, E., Murray, L., Kautzman, M., Haworth, A., Kasese-Bota, M., Kankasa, C., Mwansa, K., Amaya, M., Thea, D., & Semrau, K. (2010). Integration of services for victims of child sexual abuse at the university teaching hospital one-stop centre. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/864760
Collier, A. F., & Wayment, H. A. (2018). Psychological Benefits of the “Maker” or Do-It-Yourself Movement in Young Adults: A Pathway Towards Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(4), 1217–1239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9866-x
Cresswell, J., & Underwood, C. (2004). Location, Location, Location : Implications of Geographic Situation on Australian Student Performance in PISA 2000.
Derlega, V. J., & Chaikin, A. L. (1977). Privacy and Self‐Disclosure in Social Relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 33(3), 102–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01885.x
Dilkes-Frayne, E., Savic, M., Carter, A., Kokanović, R., & Lubman, D. I. (2019). Going Online: The Affordances of Online Counseling for Families Affected by Alcohol and Other Drug Issues. Qualitative Health Research, 29(14), 2010–2022. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732319838231
Ebeh, J. (1970). National Security and National Development: A Critique. AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 4(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v4i2.1
Ellis, T. E., Schwartz, J. A. J., & Rufino, K. A. (2018). Negative Reactions of Therapists Working with Suicidal Patients: a CBT/Mindfulness Perspective on “Countertransference.” International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 11(1), 80–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-018-0005-1
Frings, D., Hogan, C. J., Jn-Pierre, K. H., Wood, K. V., Holmes, M., & Albery, I. P. (2020). Online and face-to-face extended brief interventions for harmful alcohol use: client characteristics, attendance and treatment outcomes. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 33(3), 415–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2018.1555516
Frye-cox, N., Neal, C. W. O., & Wendling, S. B. (2020). Understanding Asynchronous Counseling : A Review of Effectiveness and Implementation Considerations.
Gainsbury, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (2011). A systematic review of Internet-based therapy for the treatment of addictions. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 490–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.007
Giroux, I., Goulet, A., Mercier, J., Jacques, C., & Bouchard, S. (2017). Online and mobile interventions for problem gambling, alcohol, and drugs: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(JUN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00954
Goldman, J., Salus, M. K., Wolcott, D., & Kennedy, K. Y. (2003). USER MANUAL SE RIES The Foundation for Practice to Child Abuse and Neglect : The Foundation for Practice with. Office.
Grant, D. D. (2006). Overlooked Victims: Working with Non-Offending Caregivers in Child Sexual Abuse Cases. Alabama Counseling Association Journal, 32(2), 22–27.
Greenhalgh, T., Vijayaraghavan, S., Wherton, J., Shaw, S., Byrne, E., Campbell-Richards, D., Bhattacharya, S., Hanson, P., Ramoutar, S., Gutteridge, C., Hodkinson, I., Collard, A., & Morris, J. (2016). Virtual online consultations: Advantages and limitations (VOCAL) study. BMJ Open, 6(1), e009388. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009388
Ha, J. F., & Longnecker, N. (2010). Doctor-patient communication: A review. In Ochsner Journal (Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 38–43). Ochsner Clinic, L.L.C. and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i2.26036
Hall, M., & Hall, J. (2011). The Long-Term Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Counseling Implications. VISTAS Online, 199(2), 1–7. http://counslingoutfitters.com/vistas/vistas11/Article_19.pdf
Hanley, T. (2006). Developing youth-friendly online counselling services in the United Kingdom: A small scale investigation into the views of practitioners. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 6(3), 182–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140600857535
Hanley, T., & Wyatt, C. (2020). A systematic review of higher education students’ experiences of engaging with online therapy. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12371
Haythornthwaite, C. (2001). Introduction: The Internet in Everyday Life. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027640121957240
Holmes, C. M., & Kozlowski, K. A. (2015). A Preliminary Comparison of Online and Face-to-Face Process Groups. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 33(3), 241–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2015.1038376
Jahan, F., & Siddiqui, H. (2019). Good Communication between Doctor-Patient Improves Health Outcome. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2019.1.4.84
Johnson, T. (2019). The Importance of Physician-Patient Relationships Communication and Trust in Health Care - Duke Personalized Health Care. https://dukepersonalizedhealth.org/2019/03/the-importance-of-physician-patient-relationships-communication-and-trust-in-health-care/
Judd, K. A., & Vandenberg, B. (2014). Effects of religious stigma and harm on perceived psychopathology. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 17(5), 508–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2013.856001
Kantor, V., Knefel, M., & Lueger-Schuster, B. (2017). Perceived barriers and facilitators of mental health service utilization in adult trauma survivors: A systematic review. In Clinical Psychology Review (Vol. 52, pp. 52–68). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.12.001
Khattar, T. (2014). The Role of Empathy in building Counselling Self-Efficacy for Counsellors-in-Training. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265729478_The_Role_of_Empathy_in_building_Counselling_Self-Efficacy_for_Counsellors-in-Training
King, R., Bambling, M., Lloyd, C., Gomurra, R., Smith, S., Reid, W., & Wegner, K. (2006). Online counselling: The motives and experiences of young people who choose the Internet instead of face to face or telephone counselling. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 6(3), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140600848179
Lazuras, L., & Dokou, A. (2016). Mental health professionals’ acceptance of online counseling. Technology in Society, 44, 10–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2015.11.002
Li, T. M. H., & Leung, C. S. Y. (2020). Exploring student mental health and intention to use online counseling in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences (Vol. 74, Issue 10, pp. 564–565). Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13117
Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. In The Lancet Psychiatry (Vol. 7, Issue 4, pp. e17–e18). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8
Maheu, M. M., Pulier, M. L., McMenamin, J. P., & Posen, L. (2012). Future of telepsychology, telehealth, and various technologies in psychological research and practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(6), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029458
Mallen, M. J., Vogel, D. L., & Rochlen, A. B. (2005). The Practical Aspects of Online Counseling: Ethics, Training, Technology, and Competency. In The Counseling Psychologist (Vol. 33, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005278625
Mallen, M. J., Vogel, D. L., Rochlen, A. B., & Day, S. x. (2005). Online Counseling: Reviewing the Literature From a Counseling Psychology Framework. In The Counseling Psychologist (Vol. 33, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005278624
Mansyur, A. I., Badrujaman, A., Imawati, R., Nur, D., Studi, P., Konseling, B., Jakarta, U. N., Studi, P., Dakwah, M., Jakarta, S. H., & Maret, U. S. (2019). Konseling Online Sebagai Upaya Menangani Masalah. Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial, 29(2), 140–154.
Maté-Sánchez-Val, M., López-Hernandez, F., & Rodriguez Fuentes, C. C. (2018). Geographical factors and business failure: An empirical study from the Madrid metropolitan area. Economic Modelling, 74, 275–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.05.022
McLeod, S. (2018). Communication rights: Fundamental human rights for all. In International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (Vol. 20, Issue 1, pp. 3–11). Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2018.1428687
McQuaid, R. (2000). The theory of partnership: Why have partnerships? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291300642_The_theory_of_partnership_Why_have_partnerships
Mishna, F., Milne, E., Bogo, M., & Pereira, L. F. (2020). Responding to COVID-19: New Trends in Social Workers’ Use of Information and Communication Technology. Clinical Social Work Journal, 1, 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-020-00780-x
Mohamad Said, M. N. H., Mohd Tahir, L., Ali, M. F., & Megat Zakaria, M. A. Z. (2015). ICT Literacy and Readiness in Using Computers among Headteachers in their Tertiary Learning Experiences and School Management Tasks. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 10(2), 63. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v10i2.4405
Muller, L., & Ruffieux, B. (2011). Do price-tags influence consumers’ willingness to pay? On the external validity of using auctions for measuring value. Experimental Economics, 14(2), 181–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-010-9262-4
Muraina, K. O., G, S. M., & Kabir, Z. M. (2020). The Future Of Guidance And Counselling In The 21st Century In Nigeria: Changing Face-To-Face Counselling Through Cyberspace Counselling. International Journal on Research in STEM Education, 2(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijrse.v2i2.197
Muridzo, N., Chikadzi, V., & Kaseke, E. (2018). Challenges faced by professionals working in child sexual abuse multi-sectorial forums: A case of the victim-friendly system in Zimbabwe. Social Work (South Africa), 54(4), 452–468. https://doi.org/10.15270/54-4-672
Mwantimwa, K. (2019). ICT usage to enhance firms’ business processes in Tanzania. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0170-6
Najat, B. (2017). Importance of Customer Knowledge in Business Organizations. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i11/3449
NAS. (2021). CHAPTER 2 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN SOCIETY | Science, Technology, and the Federal Government: National Goals for a New Era | The National Academies Press. https://www.nap.edu/read/9481/chapter/3
Nations, U. (n.d.). Freedom of Expression, a Fundamental Human Right | United Nations. Retrieved May 6, 2021, from https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/freedom-expression-fundamental-human-right
NLASW. (2014). STANDARDS FOR SOCIAL WORK RECORDING.
Ofcom. (2021). Discussion paper: Understanding online false information in the UK | Enhanced Reader. moz-extension://625161f8-398d-4b7f-9361-9af8c4d26e96/enhanced-reader.html?openApp&pdf=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofcom.org.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0027%2F211986%2Funderstanding-online-false-information-uk.pdf
Parcesepe, A. M., & Cabassa, L. J. (2012). Public Stigma of Mental Illness in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-012-0430-z
Paterson, S. M., Laajala, T., & Lehtelä, P. L. (2019). Counsellor students’ conceptions of online counselling in Scotland and Finland. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 47(3), 292–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2017.1383357
Perle, J. G., Langsam, L. C., & Nierenberg, B. (2011). Controversy clarified: An updated review of clinical psychology and tele-health. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(8), 1247–1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.08.003
Pomey, M. P., Ghadiri, D. P., Karazivan, P., Fernandez, N., & Clavel, N. (2015). Patients as partners: A qualitative study of patients’ engagement in their health care. PLoS ONE, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122499
Rafique, G. M. (2017). Personal Information Sharing Behavior of University Students via Online Social Networks. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprachttp://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1454
Rodda, S. N., Lubman, D. I., Dowling, N. A., & McCann, T. V. (2013). Reasons for using web-based counselling among family and friends impacted by problem gambling. Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/2195-3007-3-12
Saier, M. H., & Trevors, J. T. (2010). Global Security in the 21st Century. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9522-x
Sayer, I. M. (2013). Misunderstanding and language comprehension. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 738–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.118
SCIE. (2019). Social work recording | SCIE. https://www.scie.org.uk/social-work/recording
Senbeta Deriba, B., Abeya Geleta, T., Shukure Beyane, R., Mohammed, A., Tesema, M., & Jemal, K. (2020). Patient Satisfaction and Associated Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in North Shoa Health Care Facilities. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S276254
Serdiuk, L., Danyliuk, I., & Chaika, G. (2018). PERSONAL AUTONOMY AS A KEY FACTOR OF HUMAN SELF-DETERMINATION. SOCIAL WELFARE: INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH, 1(8), 85. https://doi.org/10.21277/sw.v1i8.357
Shiller, I. (2009). Online counselling: A review of the literature. Prepared by: Ilene Shiller, MSW, RSW April 2009. April.
Shonhe, L. (2018). A SERVICE DELIVERY IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY FOR A RECORDS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329058436_A_SERVICE_DELIVERY_IMPROVEMENT_STRATEGY_FOR_A_RECORDS_MANAGEMENT_PROGRAMME
Situmorang, D. D. B. (2020). Online/Cyber Counseling Services in the COVID-19 Outbreak: Are They Really New? The Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling : JPCC, 74(3), 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305020948170
Sornaganesh, V. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak in Digital Payments. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344546518_Impact_of_Covid-19_Outbreak_in_Digital_Payments
Spake, D. F., Beatty, S. E., Brockman, B. K., & Crutchfield, T. N. (2003). Consumer Comfort in Service Relationships: Measurement and Importance. Journal of Service Research, 5(4), 316–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670503005004004
Spicker, P. (2011). Stigma and social welfare Stigma and social welfare.
Sucala, M., Schnur, J. B., Constantino, M. J., Miller, S. J., Brackman, E. H., & Montgomery, G. H. (2012). The therapeutic relationship in E-therapy for mental health: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2084
Sundström, C., Gajecki, M., Johansson, M., Blankers, M., Sinadinovic, K., Stenlund-Gens, E., & Berman, A. H. (2016). Guided and unguided internet-based treatment for problematic alcohol use - A randomized controlled pilot trial. PLoS ONE, 11(7), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157817
Supriyanto, A., Hartini, S., Irdasari, W. N., Miftahul, A., Oktapiana, S., & Mumpuni, S. D. (2020). Teacher professional quality: Counselling services with technology in Pandemic Covid-19. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 10(2), 176. https://doi.org/10.25273/counsellia.v10i2.7768
Terry, H. (2009). Counselling Psychology and the internet: A review of the quantitative research into online outcomes and alliances within text-based therapy. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234791042_Counselling_Psychology_and_the_internet_A_review_of_the_quantitative_research_into_online_outcomes_and_alliances_within_text-based_therapy
Tirel, M., Rozgonjuk, D., Purre, M., & Elhai, J. D. (2020). When Do People Seek Internet Counseling? Exploring the Temporal Patterns of Initial Submissions to Online Counseling Services. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 38(2), 184–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2018.1561348
Tomazic, T., & Jerkovic, O. S. (2020). Online interventions for the selective prevention of illicit drug use in young drug users: Exploratory study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/17688
UN. (2020). Global e-commerce jumps to $26.7 trillion, fuelled by COVID-19 | | UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/05/1091182
UNDESA. (n.d.). Promoting Empowerment of People in achieving poverty eradication, social integration and full employment integration and full employment and decent work for all.
van Kuijk, J., van Driel, L., & van Eijk, D. (2015). Usability in product development practice; an exploratory case study comparing four markets. Applied Ergonomics, 47, 308–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2014.10.007
Walters-Salas, T. (2012). The challenge of patient adherence. In Bariatric Nursing and Surgical Patient Care (Vol. 7, Issue 4, p. 186). Dove Press. https://doi.org/10.1089/bar.2012.9960
Whittle, H. C., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., & Beech, A. R. (2013). Victims’ Voices: The Impact of Online Grooming and Sexual Abuse. Universal Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujp.2013.010206
Wilson, S. R., Rodda, S., Lubman, D. I., Manning, V., & Yap, M. B. H. (2017). How online counselling can support partners of individuals with problem alcohol or other drug use. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 78, 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2017.04.009
Wright, J. (2002). Online counselling: Learning from writing therapy. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 30(3), 285–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/030698802100002326
Zolnierek, C. (2011). The importance of knowing the patient. In Issues in Mental Health Nursing (Vol. 32, Issue 6, pp. 392–393). https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2011.565543
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
